Notes for Quotes

RULES FOR USING QUOTES
If a source expresses opinion, use a quotation.

A major or complex story needs more than one quoted source.

Too many quotes makes readers want to know what the facts of a story are.

Information that contains facts (who, what, when, where, how or why) should normally be used as
unquoted material.

Use a variety of different types of quotes.
ATTRIBUTION
Make sure the speaker of all quotations is properly identified.
Use "said" as the verb to attribute the quote.
DIRECT QUOTES
The exact, word-for-word account of what a source said, enclosed in quotation marks and attributed to source.
On second reference to speaker, just use last name.

Use NAME-SAID
INDIRECT QUOTE
A summary of what the speaker said reworded by the reporter.
It does not use quotation marks but is attributed to the source.

PARTIAL QUOTE
A combination of a direct quotation and a paraphrase, attributed to the source.
Mr. Doerr said he is looking forward to Thanksgiving so he "can relax and eat a lot of turkey and dressing."
FRAGMENTARY QUOTES
A single word or short phrase used by a source that is included in a paraphrase, enclosed in quotation marks and attributed to the source.
WHEN TO USE DIFFERENT QUOTES
Use direct quotations to express a speaker's unique point of view, personality or manner of speaking.
Use indirect quotes when you need to rephrase what the speaker said to make it more clear to the reader.
Use partial quotes to make colorful or memorable words stand out. But overuse can make writing seem jumpy and too cute.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Closed-Ended Questions- A question that allows the interviewee to answer with a yes or no or one word answer.
Open-Ended Questions- A question that forces the interviewee to answer with more than a yes-no or one-word answer.
Follow-Up Questions- A question that originates from listening to something the interviewee says.